Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes with time-in-range in target

doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2058

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Oct 15, 2024 (publication date) through Sep 26, 2024

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2024; 15(10): 2058-2069
Published online Oct 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2058

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants

Characteristic	Total	HGI < 0.5	HGI ≥ 0.5	P value
Participants, n (%)	129	72 (56)	57 (44)
Age (years), mean ± SD	54.84 ± 12.56	53.33 ± 12.28	56.75 ± 12.75	0.414
Female	70 (54)	35 (49)	35 (61)	0.148
BMI (kg/m²)	24.52 ± 3.11	24.33 ± 12.14	24.76 ± 6.62	0.392
Duration of diabetes (months), medians (IQR)	73 (109.5)	73 (85.17)	97.33 (127.77)	0.287
Diabetes therapy, n (%)
Diet only	25 (19)	18 (25)	7 (12)	0.077
Sulfonylurea	21 (16)	11 (15)	10 (18)	0.812
Metformin	58 (45)	27 (38)	31 (54)	0.075
α-glucosidase inhibitor	33 (26)	18 (25)	15 (26)	0.865
DPP4 inhibitor	28 (22)	18 (25)	10 (18)	0.391
SGLT-2 inhibitor	5 (4)	3 (4)	2 (4)	0.848
CSII/MDI	35 (27)	15 (21)	20 (35)	0.071
SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD	127.35 ± 14.09	126.22 ± 13.51	128.77 ± 14.79	0.375
DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD	80.84 ± 9.19	79.79 ± 8.06	82.18 ± 10.37	0.104
TC (mmol/L), mean ± SD	4.39 ± 1.07	4.33 ± 1.02	4.46 ± 1.13	0.790
TG (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.63 ± 1.26	1.63 ± 1.48	1.64 ± 0.93	0.285
LDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD	2.68 ± 0.89	2.60 ± 0.86	2.78 ± 0.92	0.275
HDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.13 ± 0.48	1.19 ± 0.58	1.07 ± 0.30	0.216
Laboratory HbA1c (%), mean ± SD	6.63 ± 1.27	5.95 ± 0.71	7.43 ± 1.30	< 0.001^a
Hemoglobin (g/L), mean ± SD	133.84 ± 14.68	136.33 ± 13.21	131.70 ± 15.92	0.085
Hemotocrit (%), mean ± SD	0.40 ± 0.04	0.41 ± 0.04	0.39 ± 0.05	0.042^a
Red cell distribution width (%), mean ± SD	0.13 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01	0.556
Hypoglycemia, n (%)	49	10 (14)	39 (67)	< 0.001^a

^aP < 0.05, compared with the values from two groups.

HGI: Hemoglobin glycation index; BMI: Body mass index; DPP4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; SGLT-2: Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2; CSII: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; MDI: Multiple daily injection; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; IQR: Interquartile range.

Citation: Lin BS, Liu ZG, Chen DR, Yang YL, Yang DZ, Yan JH, Zeng LY, Yang XB, Xu W. Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes with time-in-range in target. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(10): 2058-2069
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v15/i10/2058.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i10.2058