Urinary exosomal microRNA-145-5p and microRNA-27a-3p act as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease

Table 1 General and clinical data in participants

Biochemical and clinical data	NC (n = 20)	DM (n = 20)	DKD (n = 20)
Age (yr)	45.80 ± 14.69	50.15 ± 13.50	48.79 ± 15.14
Gender (female/male)	12/8	9/11	7/13
BMI (kg/m2)	22.94 ± 2.32	24.95 ± 2.47	24.81 ± 3.9
FBG (mmol/L)	5.30 ± 0.38	8.90 ± 2.28c	11.78 ± 5.12c
HbA1c (%)	5.33 ± 0.24	8.74 ± 2.23c	8.95 ± 1.58c
FINS (μIU/mL)	9.58 ± 3.01	14.43 ± 8.12a	19.63 ± 13.13b
C-P (ng/mL)	1.98 ± 0.57	2.27 ± 1.07	2.80 ± 1.60
TC (mmol/L)	3.12 ± 0.50	4.53 ± 0.94c	5.14 ± 1.49c
TG (mmol/L)	1.43 ± 0.81	2.24 ± 1.45	3.49 ± 2.24b
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.71 ± 0.75	3.64 ± 1.15a	4.32 ± 1.57c
BUN (mmol/L)	4.61 ± 1.39	5.33 ± 1.47	6.05 ± 2.31a
Scr (μmol/L)	61.50 ± 6.623	67.69 ± 7.76	97.02 ± 15.46c,d
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)	114.10 ± 13.05	108.00 ± 10.59	76.94 ± 18.06c,d
UACR (mg/g)	9.45 ± 4.76	13.37 ± 7.20	389.50 ± 311.70c,d

^aP < 0.05 vs normal control group.

^bP < 0.01 vs normal control group.

^cP < 0.001 vs normal control group.

^dP < 0.001 vs diabetes mellitus group.

The data are expressed as the mean ± SD, unless the gender. NC: Normal control; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DKD: Diabetic kidney disease; BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; FINS: Fasting insulin; C-P: Serum C-peptide; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Scr: Serum creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio.