Genipin relieves diabetic retinopathy by down-regulation of advanced glycation end products via the mitochondrial metabolism related signaling pathway

Figure 2 Genipin protects from advanced glycation-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. A and B: Genipin protects human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (hRMECs) from high glucose-induced damage with regard to cell proliferation as revealed by colony formation assay and flow cytometry; C-E: Wounding healing, migration and tube formation of hRMECs treated with 30 mmol/L glucose and 0.4 μmol/L genipin. NG: 5 mmol/L glucose containing ECM-treated hRMECs group; HG: 30 mmol/L glucose containing ECM-treated hRMECs group; GG: 0.4 μM genipin + 30 mmol/L glucose containing ECM-treated hRMECs.