Genipin relieves diabetic retinopathy by down-regulation of advanced glycation end products via the mitochondrial metabolism related signaling pathway

Figure 1 Optimization of dose of genipin and high glucose in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. A: Chemical structure of genipin; B and C: Cell viability of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) treated with different concentrations of glucose and genipin; D: Cell viability of hRMECs treated with 30 mmol/L glucose and 0.4 μmol/L genipin for different durations; E-I: RAGE, SCG3, and vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression in cells treated with genipin for different durations. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.