Hypothesis that alpha-amylase evokes regulatory mechanisms originating in the pancreas, gut and circulation, which govern glucose/insulin homeostasis

Figure 3 A schematic view of acini-islet-acinar- and alpha-amylase-dependent inhibitory pathway involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism before and after Biliopancreatic diversion surgery. A: Before biliopancreatic diversion surgery; B: After biliopancreatic diversion surgery. Incretin-dependent, quick stimulatory pathways (black) and acini-islet-acinar–dependent intrapancreatic inhibitory pathway and downregulating alpha-amylase dependent pathways, originating in the duodenum, of insulin secretion (orange and green respectively). AIA: Acini-islet-acinar.