Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Diabetes. Sep 15, 2023; 14(9): 1422-1449
Published online Sep 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i9.1422
Table 1 Basic characteristics of included randomized controlled trials
Ref.
Sample size
Random method
Interventions
Period of treatment
Age
Outcomes
Adverse reactions
C/E
C
E
C/E
C/E
Men[16], 202040/40TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST8 wk67.46 ± 2.52/63.12 ± 2.211, 2, 3, 4-
Bai[17], 201638/38-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST24 wk51.08 ± 4.73/50.63 ± 5.511, 2, 73/2
An[18], 202130/30-Calcium DobesilateC + XST20 wk69.51 ± 5.19/70.32 ± 5.391, 2-
Yan and Song[19], 202046/46TRDCalcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk47.4 ± 4.6/48.5 ± 4.91, 722/8
Li[20], 202120/20-Calcium DobesilateC + XST20 wk59.67 ± 1.78/58.51 ± 1.311, 3-
Jin[21], 202040/40-Calcium DobesilateC + XST20 wk66.12 ± 3.45/66.58 ± 3.162, 3-
Wu[22], 201550/50TRDCTC + XST12 wk54.1 ± 6.6/54.6 ± 6.21-
Qu[23], 201835/35-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST20 wk59.7 ± 6.3/60.4 ± 7.21-
Sui[24], 201747/49-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST4 wk-1-
Jiang et al[25], 201946/46-Calcium DobesilateC + XST20 wk58.72 ± 2.20/58.69 ± 2.151, 2, 4-
Zhu et al[26], 201648/48-CTC + XST12 wk56.38 ± 12.19/56.15 ± 12.212-
Sun[27], 202118/18-CTC + XST12 wk61.38 ± 3.69/62.47 ± 3.011-
Liu et al[28], 201845/45TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk48.56 ± 7.64/48.34 ± 6.491-
Li[29], 201949/49TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk66.41 ± 4.11/66.82 ± 4.031, 2, 4-
Xiao[30], 2016110/110-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk50.2 ± 6.4/49.5 ± 5.91, 70/0
Chen[31], 201939/39-Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk58.17 ± 3.82/59.34 ± 3.271, 3, 4-
Zhao[32], 202043/44-Calcium DobesilateC + XST24 wk53.71 ± 5.52/53.66 ± 5.493-
An[33], 202035/35-Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk52.12 ± 15.76/51.17 ± 17.831, 4, 71/2
Zhang[34], 201919/19-Calcium DobesilateC + XST8 wk51.86 ± 1.92/53.28 ± 2.641, 70/0
Wei et al[35], 201734/34TRDCTC + XST35 wk62.94 ± 3.48/61.31 ± 3.541, 3, 4, 70/0
Meng et al[36], 201238/40-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST24 wk49.2 ± 7.8/48.8 ± 6.71-
Zhu and Sui[37], 202276/76TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk55.89 ± 4.17/55.94 ± 4.131, 2, 3, 712/13
Li[38], 201733/33-Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk-2-
Wang et al[39], 202042/44TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + XST20 wk68.35 ± 6.82/69.52 ± 7.111, 3, 74/3
Hu[40], 201730/30-Calcium DobesilateC + XST20 wk55.30 ± 2.15/55.67 ± 2.081, 3, 70/0
Xu and Ru[41], 202046/46-Calcium DobesilateC + XST12 wk52.3 ± 3.2/52.1 ± 3.61, 3-
Wang[42], 201638/38-Iodized LecithinC + QM8 wk43 ± 6/42 ± 51-
Wang[43], 201844/44TRDCalcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk58.4 ± 7.5/57.8 ± 6.21, 712/5
Wang et al[44], 202032/32-Amlodipine besylateC + QM12 wk38.94 ± 4.89/39.87 ± 5.131, 2-
Chen[45], 201645/45TRDCTC + QM12 wk62.05 ± 5.47/63.11 ± 5.641-
Wang et al[46], 201538/41-Calcium DobesilateC + QM24 wk52.1 ± 5.6/52.5 ± 5.31, 2, 70/0
Sui et al[47], 201443/43-Calcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk50.53 ± 11.28/50.22 ± 14.821, 2, 5, 6, 70/0
Huang[48], 201763/63-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk55.9 ± 4.1/55.6 ± 4.21-
Feng et al[49], 201641/42Lottery -Calcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk55.89 ± 6.13/55.26 ± 6.291, 2, 5, 6-
Ge[50], 201853/53-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QM24 wk50.87 ± 3.71/51.25 ± 3.641-
Yan[51], 202038/46LotteryCT + Calcium DobesilateC + QM8 wk56.96 ± 4.59/56.65 ± 4.021, 2, 5, 6, 78/2
Meng et al[52], 201621/21-Calcium DobesilateC + QM24 wk-1-
Zhang et al[53], 201646/45-CTC + QM24 wk-1-
Zhang[54], 201334/34-CTC + QM36 wk-1-
Wu et al[55], 202250/50LotteryPancreatic KininogenaseC + QM24 wk53.82 ± 5.42/54.06 ± 4.931, 2, 4, 73/5
Zhou and Femng[56], 201860/60-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk58.5 ± 6.7/57.9 ± 6.21, 2-
Wang et al[57], 201948/52-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QM24 wk66.8 ± 6.3/66.7 ± 6.21, 70/0
Wang[58], 201747/47-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk54.3 ± 4.9/54.5 ± 4.81, 4, 70/0
Yin[59], 201846/50-Calcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk55.27 ± 5.42/54.63 ± 5.281, 2, 70/0
Xin et al[60], 201938/38-EpalrestatC + QM12 wk55.1 ± 3.3/55.5 ± 3.21, 3, 70/0
Zhang[61], 201739/39-Calcium DobesilateC + QM12 wk56.8 ± 2.5/56.9 ± 2.11, 2, 5, 6, 7 0/0
Yue[62], 201638/57-CTC + QM24 wk49.82 ± 6.17/50.67 ± 5.231-
Zheng et al[63], 201415/15-CTC + QM24 wk50.4 ± 3.1/55.2 ± 4.71-
Yang et al[64], 201336/35-CTC + QM24 wk50.94 ± 8.01/50.23 ± 7.151-
Huang[65], 202020/20-Calcium DobesilateC + DS16 wk52.16 ± 2.45/53.16 ± 2.261, 2, 3, 5, 6-
Zheng and Ji[66], 202143/44-CTC + DS8 wk57.52 ± 6.41/58.21 ± 6.351, 4-
Meng et al[67], 201128/30-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + DS24 wk51.20 ± 7.90/50.60 ± 8.701, 70/0
Wang[68], 200416/28-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + DS16 wk50.5 ± 9.36/50.4 ± 8.701-
Zhao[69], 201953/53TRDCTC + DS8 wk57.5 ± 14.8/56.8 ± 13.41, 3, 4, 70/0
Ma et al[70], 201634/48-CTC + DS24 wk59.16 ± 9.73/59.01 ± 10.585, 6, 70/0
Chen et al[71], 200725/25-CTC + DS8 wk60.56/62.422, 3-
Xu[72], 201943/43TRDCalcium DobesilateC + DS16 wk53.06 ± 4.39/53.11 ± 4.411, 3, 70/0
Huang et al[73], 202145/45TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + DS24 wk67.3 ± 5.1/67.5 ± 5.32, 4, 73/4
Jiao[74], 201875/75-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + DS8 wk56.31 ± 2.19/56.24 ± 3.861-
Li[75], 201789/89-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + DS8 wk55.8 ± 6.8/56.5 ± 7.21, 5, 6-
Yan and Yuan[76], 201420/60-CTC + DS24 wk68.8/65.62, 3-
Zhou[77], 200818/28-Calcium DobesilateC + DS24 wk50.50 ± 9.36/50.40 ± 8.701-
Miao[78], 202024/34TRDCalcium DobesilateC + DS16 wk57.46 ± 4.41/57.33 ± 4.262, 3-
Ruan et al[79], 201735/35-Calcium DobesilateC + DS16 wk52.8 ± 1.7/52.5 ± 1.11, 3, 5, 6, 70/0
Yin et al[80], 201350/50-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + DS8 wk59.7/57.91, 3-
Zhu[81], 201857/57-CTC + DS12 wk64.12 ± 1.36/64.17 ± 1.381, 2, 3-
Yang et al[82], 201332/33-CTC + DS8 wk54.2 ± 10.8/55.4 ± 12.15, 6-
Bai[83], 201738/38TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + DS16 wk-1, 2, 3, 4, 70/0
Guo[84], 201535/100-CTC + DS24 wk59.6 ± 9.7/59.0 ± 10.65, 6-
Liu[85], 201889/89TRDCTC + DS4 wk54.97 ± 4.88/55.02 ± 5.015, 6-
Liu[86], 201941/42-Pancreatic KininogenaseC + HXMM12 wk-3, 72/2
Zhao and Liu[87], 202130/30-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + HXMM12 wk64.84 ± 4.26/65.09 ± 4.371, 74/2
Gao et al[88], 2020128/128TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + HXMM12 wk57.65 ± 7.82/58.14 ± 7.631, 3, 74/3
Li[89], 202134/34LotteryCT + Calcium DobesilateC + HXMM12 wk68.49 ± 4.62/67.84 ± 4.571, 3-
Wang et al[90], 2018100/100-Pancreatic KininogenaseC + HXMM12 wk50.62 ± 6.91/50.96 ± 6.711, 3, 74/2
Zhang and Wang[91], 201839/39-CTC + HXMM12 wk-1, 2-
Ye et al[92], 201988/88TRDCalcium DobesilateC + HXMM12 wk60.9 ± 13.4/60.5 ± 13.41, 5, 6-
Yu[93], 201930/30-EpalrestatC + HXMM12 wk-1, 72/3
Du et al[94], 201526/25TRDCTC + HXMM12 wk53.39 ± 4.96/52.13 ± 5.011, 70/0
Song[95], 201340/40-CTC + QJDH12 wk-1, 70/0
Li[96], 201940/40-MecobalaminC + QJDH24 wk61.25 ± 6.75/60.85 ± 6.571, 3, 4, 70/0
Li and Wei[97], 201954/54-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QJDH20 wk56.1 ± 3.7/55.4 ± 3.11, 3, 4, 5, 6, 70/0
Wu[98], 201829/29TRDPancreatic KininogenaseC + QJDH12 wk52.4 ± 10.8/52.3 ± 9.21, 5, 70/0
Guan[99], 201740/40-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QJDH24 wk40.0 ± 3.1/41.1 ± 2.01, 5, 6, 76/5
Ainu et al[100], 201950/50-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + QJDH4 wk53.02 ± 5.39/52.61 ± 5.392, 3, 4-
Fu[101], 201940/40-Calcium DobesilateC + SDMM24 wk-5, 77/2
Ji and Liu[102], 202252/52LotteryCalcium DobesilateC + SDMM12 wk56.53 ± 4.09/56.63 ± 4.021, 3, 4, 77/5
Jin and Zhang[103], 201971/71-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + SDMM16 wk62.39 ± 8.34/63.07 ± 8.081, 79/2
Liu et al[104], 201960/60TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + SDMM16 wk57.10 ± 9.26/57.54 ± 8.111, 3, 4, 70/0
Pang[105], 201540/40-CTC + SDMM16 wk49.6 ± 5.3/49.4 ± 5.71-
Deng et al[106], 201840/40TRDCalcium DobesilateC + DGBX12 wk59.48 ± 8.22/59.62 ± 8.301, 3, 70/0
Wang and Chen[107], 202075/75-Calcium DobesilateC + DGBX12 wk62.38 ± 2.00/62.40 ± 2.021, 4-
Wu[108], 201333/34-CTC + DGBX12 wk-1, 2, 5, 6, 70/0
Sun et al[109], 201990/92-CTC + DGBX12 wk55.3 ± 3.7/55.9 ± 3.51, 3, 710/6
Yu[110], 202028/28-CT + Calcium DobesilateC + DGBX12 wk60.01 ± 8.26/60.48 ± 8.111, 2-
Xu[111], 201843/43TRDCTC + DGBX12 wk56.2 ± 7.3/56.6 ± 7.11, 74/0
Huang[112], 201754/54TRDIodized LecithinC + XFZY8 wk62.15 ± 11.80/61.84 ± 12.112-
Zhu[113], 201036/36TRDCTC + XFZY8 wk55.42 ± 5.35/55.73 ± 5.101, 5, 6, 70/0
Xiong and Chen[114], 201943/43TRDCalcium DobesilateC + XFZY16 wk53.14 ± 7.25/54.28 ± 7.132, 5, 6-
Liu[115], 202057/57LotteryCTC + XFZY16 wk50.38 ± 3.67/50.47 ± 3.222-
Gong et al[116], 201440/40-CTC + XFZY12 wk57.24 ± 10.60/55.36 ± 9.281, 5-
Hao[117], 201284/66-CTC + XFZY4 wk-1-
Huang[118], 200450/70-CTC + XFZY12 wk64.5/651-
Zhang[119], 201946/46-CTC + BYHW8 wk64.37 ± 9.13/66.46 ± 9.901-
Yang[120], 201940/40TRDCT + Calcium DobesilateC + BYHW8 wk48.66 ± 8.82/50.35 ± 9.061, 2, 5-
Tian[121], 201927/27-MetforminC + BYHW12 wk53.05 ± 1.18/53.12 ± 1.121-
Qu and Yao[122], 200930/32-CT + Iodized LecithinC + BYHW12 wk-1-
A total of 6 studies[95-100] used Qiju Dihuang Pills (QJDH) (consisting of Lycii Fructus/Gouqizi in chinese; Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata/Dihuang in chinese; Chrysanthemi Flos/Juhua in chinese; Cornus Officinalis Sieb. Et Zucc./Shanzhuyu in chinese; Rhizoma Dioscoreae/Shanyao in chinese; Poria Cocos(Schw.) Wolf./Fuling in chinese; Alisma Orientale (Sam.) Juz./Zexie in chinese; Cortex Moutan/Mudanpi in chinese). Four[95-97,100] of these six studies added Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao in Chinese), Tribulifructus (Jili in Chinese), Cassiae Semen (Juemingzi in Chinese), and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui in Chinese). Although there are some changes in components, the whole is still dominated by QJDH, which has the same efficacy as QJDH, so in this study, we classified these 6 studies as using QJDH. The composition of all Oral Chinese medicine (OCM) in this study is shown in Supplementary Table 2, and the source of OCMs, quality control report and chemical analysis report are shown in Supplementary Table 3. TRD: Table of random digit; CT: Conventional treatment, including blood glucose control, blood pressure lowering, lipid regulation and other conventional treatments; E: Experimental group; C: Control group; QM: Qiming Granules; DS: Compound Danshen Dripping Pills; XFZY: Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction; DGBX: Danggui Buxue Decoction; HXMM: Hexue Mingmu Tablets; SDMM: Shuangdan Mingmu Capsules; BYHW: Buyang Huanwu Decoction; QJDH: Qiju Dihuang Pills; XST: Compound Xueshuantong Capsule; -: Not mentioned; 1: Total effective rate; 2: Visual acuity; 3: Fundus hemorrhage area; 4: Vascular endothelial growth factor; 5: Fasting blood glucose; 6: Glycated hemoglobin; 7: Adverse reactions.