Early neonatal complications in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the effects of glycemic control on neonatal infection

Table 2 Comparison of early neonatal complications between the gestational diabetes mellitus and control groups, n (%)

Complications	GDM group(n=236)	Control group(n=240)	χ2 value	P value
Premature birth	45 (19.07)	12 (5.00)	22.341	< 0.001
Fetal macrosomia	57 (24.15)	23 (9.58)	18.064	< 0.001
Hypoglycemia	42 (17.80)	7 (2.92)	28.53	< 0.001
Hypocalcemia	22 (9.32)	5 (2.08)	11.653	< 0.001
Hyperbilirubinemia	29 (12.29)	13 (5.42)	6.984	0.008
Polycythemia	38 (16.10)	22 (9.17)	5.195	0.023
Hyaline membrane disease	13 (5.51)	2 (0.83)	8.522	0.004
Fetal distress	34 (14.41)	6 (2.50)	21.917	< 0.001
Congenital malformation	11 (4.66)	1 (0.42)	8.723	0.003
Neonatal asphyxia	21 (8.90)	6 (2.50)	9.104	0.003
Neonatal infection	35 (14.83)	11 (4.58)	14.312	< 0.001

GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus.