New environmental factors related to diabetes risk in humans: Emerging bisphenols used in synthesis of plastics

doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1301

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World Journal of Diabetes

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2023; 14(8): 1301-1313
Published online Aug 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1301

Table 3 Quantitative data of bisphenols analyzed

Biological fluid	Bisphenol analyzed	Analysis method	Detection frequency (%)	GM (95%CI)/median (IQR)
Urine	BPS/BPF	HPLC-MS/MS	-	2.06 (1.56-2.69)/0.141 (0.141-0.141)
Urine	BPF/BPS/BPAP	HPLC-MS/MS	D: 81.5/15.9/0.0; C: 48.9/0.0/17.0	D: 3.6/0.10/0.05
Urine	BPS/BPAF/BPF	HPLC-MS/MS	D: 68.1/57.4/26.3; C: 47.8/39.4/37.1	D: 0.199 (ND-0.56)/0.093 (ND-0.84)/ND (ND-0.12); C: ND (ND-0.25)/ND (ND-0.05)/ND (ND-0.23)
Urine	BPS/BPAF/BPF	UHPLC-TQMS	90.06/42.59/94.72	0.36 (0.33, 0.38)/0.030 (0.028, 0.031)/2.01 (1.75, 2.32)
Urine	BPS/BPF/BPB/BPAP	HPLC-MS/MS	83.7/3.7/1.3/4.8	0.08 (0.03-0.24)/-/-/-
Urine	BPS-glucuronide	HPLC-MS/MS	Baseline: 14; year 3:9	< LOD (< LOD-< LOD)
Urine	BPS/BPF	LC-MS/MS	Baseline: 13/55; follow-up: 18/53	Baseline: < LOD (< LOD-< LOD)/0.29 (< LOD; 0.81); follow-up: < LOD (< LOD; < LOD)/0.25 (< LOD; 0.77)
Serum	BPS/BPF/BPB	UPLC-MS	82.2/67.2/88.8	0.097 (0.050-0.107)/0.605 (> LOD-0.609)/0.236 (0.233-0.269)
Urine	BPF	HPLC-MS/MS	Baseline: 73.7; follow-up: 80.6	Baseline: 0.99 (2.86); follow-up: 1.11 (2.64)
Urine	BPS/BPF/BPAF	HPLC-MS/MS	D: 66.7/31.7/45.0; C: 40.0/40.0/41.7	D: 0.21 (ND-0.35)/ND (ND-0.23)/ND (ND-0.15); C: ND (ND-0.23)/ND (ND-0.31)/ND (ND-0.05)
Urine	BPS/BPF	HPLC-MS/MS	88.4/57.1	D: 0.59 (0.53-0.64)/0.43 (0.38-0.48); C: 0.50 (0.48-0.52)/0.41 (0.39-0.43)
Urine	BPS/BPF	HPLC-MS/MS	75.1-90.0/-	0.497 (0.436-0.559)/not calculated¹

¹Not calculated because the proportion of results below limit of detection was too high to provide a valid result.

BPS: Bisphenol S; BPF: Bisphenol F; BPAF: Bisphenol AF; BPAP: Bisphenol AP; BPB: Bisphenol B; HPLC-MS/MS: High-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy; UHPLC-TQMS: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry; LC-MS/MS: Offline isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; D: Diabetes; C: Control; ND: Not Detectable; LOD: Limit of detection.

Citation: Moreno-Gómez-Toledano R, Delgado-Marín M, Cook-Calvete A, González-Cucharero C, Alcharani N, Jiménez-Guirado B, Hernandez I, Ramirez-Carracedo R, Tesoro L, Botana L, Sánchez-Esteban S, Diez-Mata J, Zamorano JL, Bosch RJ, Zaragoza C, Saura M. New environmental factors related to diabetes risk in humans: Emerging bisphenols used in synthesis of plastics. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(8): 1301-1313
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v14/i8/1301.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1301