Association between cardiorespiratory fitness level and insulin resistance in adolescents with various obesity categories

Table 2 Anthropometric characteristics, maximal oxygen uptake, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance in adolescents with different obesity classes, mean ± SD

Variable	Class I obesity, n = 71 (35.5%)	Class II obesity, n = 79 (39.5%)	Class III obesity, n = 50 (25.0%)	1P
Height, cm	166.65 ± 9.49	168.11 ± 10.10	167.32 ± 8.64	0.646
Weight, kg	88.51 ± 15.29	99.38 ± 18.59	106.52 ± 16.64	< 0.001
WC, cm	102.42 ± 10.05	107.00 ± 16.82	110.39 ± 18.37	0.017
WC/height	0.61 ± 0.05	0.64 ± 0.10	0.66 ± 0.11	0.019
BMI, kg/m2	30.65 ± 2.29	34.34 ± 2.54	41.02 ± 4.44	< 0.001
BMI z-score	1.97 ± 0.19	2.35 ± 0.15	2.68 ± 0.24	< 0.001
VO2max, L/min	2.55 ± 0.44	2.66 ± 20.54	2.77 ± 0.53	0.064
VO2max, mL/min/kg TBW	29.68 ± 3.53	27.69 ± 3.83	23.95 ± 3.60	< 0.001
VO2max, mL/min/kg FFM	46.48 ± 4.46	45.38 ± 5.90	43.63 ± 6.71	0.003
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	4.99 ± 0.41	4.99 ± 0.47	5.05 ± 0.38	0.708
Fasting insulin, mU/L	25.00 ± 12.80	28.45 ± 16.22	37.31 ± 21.11	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	5.78 ± 3.09	6.31 ± 3.68	8.49 ± 5.23	0.001

¹ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis, Scheffe post hoc test.

BMI: Body mass index; FFM: Fat free mass; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; SD: Standard deviation; TBW: Total body weight; VO₂max: Maximal oxygen uptake; WC: Waist circumference.