Type 2 diabetes and thyroid cancer: Synergized risk with rising air pollution

Table 5 Some examples of the impact of particulate matter on human health

Type of interaction	Ref. (PMID)
[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which affects glucose homeostasis	27219535
Affects the glucose metabolic process	29616776|31851346
[Particulate Matter results in increased lipid oxidation] which results in an increased abundance of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal	30716388
Affects the thyroid hormone metabolic process	27623605
[Vehicle Emissions results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in increased positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	28013216
Results in increased cell death	26856867
Results in increased reactive oxygen species metabolic process	21384498
Affects the positive regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	23542817
[Particulate Matter co-treated with Biological Products] affects positive regulation of the apoptotic process	23454527
Particulate Matter affects the positive regulation of interleukin-6/8 production and NF-kB transcription factor activity	23201440
Results in decreased cell population proliferation	23722391
Results in increased T-helper 2 cell chemotaxis	16890758
Results in increased cell population proliferation	16455839
Results in increased negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	25336953
Results in increased lipid catabolic process	21233593
Results in increased positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	23900936
Results in increased positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation	26507108
Affects the vascular process in the circulatory system	25233101
Affects inflammatory response	25233101
Affects the insulin metabolic process	25233101
Results in increased inflammatory response	25479755
Results in decreased cognition	27128166
Affects the cholesterol biosynthetic process	26967543
Affects the positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening	21169126
Results in increased positive regulation of autophagosome assembly	27125970
[Air Pollutants result in an increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which affects the regulation of endothelial cell differentiation	27311922
[Vehicle Emissions results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in increased respiratory burst after phagocytosis	28013216
Affects the electron transport chain, mitochondrial translation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle	28821289
Affects the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	26989813
Results in decreased superoxide dismutase activity	26989813
Results in increased positive regulation of endothelial cell activation	29244817
Affects histone modification	27918982
Affects gene expression	25564368|28821289|29114965|29342453
Affects T and B cell homeostasis	20678227
[Vehicle Emissions results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which results in increased cellular senescence	31551408
[[Vehicle Emissions results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which co-treated with Oleic Acid] results in increased triglyceride biosynthetic process	31340670
[Air Pollutants results in increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which affects negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	26298100
Results in increased cell migration and cell chemotaxis	29913439
Results in decreased learning or memory	31881430
Results in increased activation of protein kinase B activity and p38MAPK cascade	32687961
Results in decreased endothelial cell-cell adhesion	33159583
[Air Pollutants result in an increased abundance of Particulate Matter] which affects ATP metabolic process	32487172

Data source: The comparative toxicogenomic database (http://ctdbase.org/)[12].