Preoperative carbohydrate load to reduce perioperative glycemic variability and improve surgical outcomes: A scoping review

Table 2 Perioperative glycemic variability and postoperative course

Ref.	Patient population	Variability index	Reported results
Subramaniam et al[18], 2014	1461 cardiac surgery patients, DM included	CV	No MAE vs MAE
			CV: 21% vs 24%, P = 0.001
			HbA1c < 6.5% vs > 6.5%
			CV: 20% vs 26%, P < 0.001
Shohat et al[19], 2018	5058 patients for total joint arthroplasty	CV	1st tertile of CV vs 3rd tertile of CV
			Mortality: 0.1% vs 0.4%, P = 0.06
			PPJI: 0.5% vs 0.9%, P = 0.02
			SSI: 1% vs 1.4%, P = 0.03
			Reop: 1.6% vs 1.5%, P = 0.83
Patel et al[20], 2021	264 patients for cervical spine surgery	CV	1st tertile of CV vs 3rd tertile of CV
			Complication: 12.5% vs 20.4%, P = 0.37
			Hospital LOS: 3.9 vs 6.06 d, P = 0.01
			Readmission: 3.4% vs 7.8%, P = 0.03
			SSI: 1.1% vs 9.5%, P = 0.04
			Reop: 0.4% vs 3.8%, P = 0.19

DM: Diabetes mellitus; CV: Coefficient of variance; MAE: Major adverse event; MI: Myocardial infarction; Reop: Reoperation; DSWI: Deep sternal wound infection; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; PNA: Pneumonia; PPJI: Periprosthetic joint infection; SSI: Surgical site infection.