Intermediate hyperglycemia in early pregnancy: A South Asian perspective

Table 1 Commonly used oral glucose tolerance test criteria for gestational diabetes diagnosis among South Asian women

Criteria	Glucose load	Plasma glucose threshold values				Number of abnormal values required for diagnosis	Remarks
		FPG mmol/l	1 h PG mmol/L	2 h PG mmol/L	3 h PG mmol/L
IADPSG, WHO 2013, ADA proposed “One step” procedure	75 g	≥ 5.1	≥ 10.0	≥ 8.5	-	1	Universal screening
DIPSI	75 g	-	-	≥ 7.8	-	1	Universal screening. OGTT in non-fasting state
ACOG and ADA proposed “Two step” procedures
Carpenter and coustan criteria	100 g	≥ 5.3	≥ 10.0	≥ 8.6	≥ 7.8	2	Universal screening, prior 50 g GCT positivity required (1-h PG ≥ 7.2 or 2-h PG ≥ 7.8 mmol/L)
NDDG criteria	100 g	≥ 5.8	≥ 10.5	≥ 9.0	≥ 8.0	2
						ACOG (2018) acknowledges higher risk for those with one abnormal value	ACOG (2018) permits institutions and individuals to use one step IADPSG procedure as well
NICE	75 g	≥ 5.6	-	≥ 7.8	-	≥ 1	Selective testing for high risk population1

¹High risk population = women having Body Mass Index > 30 kg/m², previous macrosomia (≥ 4500 g, previous GDM, family history of diabetes, ethnic origin with high prevalence of diabetes (South Asian, Black Caribbean, and Middle Eastern).

IADPSG: International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; WHO: World Health Organization; ADA: American Diabetes Association; DIPSI: Diabetes in Pregnancy Study group of India; ACOG: American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; OCT: Oral glucose challenge test; NDDG: National Diabetes Data Group; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; PG: Post load plasma glucose.