Treatment on Nature’s lap: Use of herbal products in the management of hyperglycemia

Table 1 Description of plant products

Herbal product	Active molecule	Part of plant	Dose	FBS fall (mg/dL)	HbA1C fall (%)	Cost (Rs.)	Ref.
Cinnamon	Procyanidin type A polimer	Bark	0.5-6 g	2-111	0-1.2	811/400 g	[8,11]
Gurmar	Gymnemic acid	Leaf	0.4-10 g	6-81	0.3-1.5	799/60 cap	[15,16]
Cumin	Thymoquinone	Seed	0.1-0.5 g	3-56	1-1.8	99/100 g	[17,18]
Psyllium	NA	Husk	6.8-10.5 g	20-53	1-1.6	105/100 g	[21,22]
Sesame	Sesamine	Seed	0.2 g or 30 mL	34-52	0.7-1.1	399/1 kg	[24,25]
Barberry	Berberine	Root, stem, bark	0.9-1.5 g	57-68	1.4-1.9	810/60 cap	[28]
Aloe	Acemannan	Leaf	600-1000 g	13-44	0.4-0.7	121/100 g	[29]
Vijayasar	Epicatechin	Bark	1-4 g	32-43	0.4	365/1 kg	[30]
Fenugreek	4-OH isoleucin	Seed	1-100 g	15-41	0.2-1.5	199/200 g	[31,32]
Bael	Aegeline	Seed, leaf, fruit pulp	5-20 g	34-41	1.9	325/400 g	[34,35]
Jamun	Gallic acid	Seed	10 g	18-33	0.4-0.6	265/250 g	[37]
Ginger	Gingerol, shogaol	Rhizome	1.6-2 g	10-29	0.04-1.1	400/300 g	[38]
Little gourd	Pectin	Leaf, fruit	0.5-1 g	20-25	0.6-0.7	NA	[42]
Neem	Nimbidiol	Root, bark	1 g	23	1.5	119/100 g	[44]
Sweet potato	Anthocyanins	Leaf, tuber	4 g	10-19	0.2-0.3	NA	[45]
Amla	Gallic acid	Fruit	0.5-10 g	13-15	0.4-0.5	209/200 g	[46,47]
Bitter melon	Momordin, charantin	Whole plant	0.8-4 g	5-15	0.3	399/500 g	[51]
Garlic	Allicin	Bulb	0.9-1.5 g	4-10	0.2-0.8	485/400 g	[54]
Turmeric	Curcumin	Rhizome	0.5-2.1 g	2-9	0.02-0.9	599/500 g	[55]
Guduchi	Palmatine	Stem	0.5-1.5 g	5-8	0.2-0.5	150/60 cap	[57]
Jack fruit	Proanthocyanidin, flavonoids	Leaf	30 g	29	0.25	266/400 g	[62]

FBS: Fasting blood sugar; NA: Not available.