Tongxinluo promotes endothelium-dependent arteriogenesis to attenuate diabetic peripheral arterial disease

Figure 4 Tongxinluo restored endothelial cell structure and regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor, nitric oxide, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. A: Representative images showing H&E staining of the aortas of mice (400×, bar = 50 μm); B-D: Western blot analysis of the expression of endothelial cell function-related proteins eNOS and VEGF in mice; E: Nitric oxide (NO) kit to detect NO levels in mouse serum; F and G: Immunochemical staining of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the ischemic adductor (400×, bar = 50 μm); H and I: Quantification of the percentage areas of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The values are shown as the means ± SDs. ^aP < 0.05 compared with the normal group, ^bP <0.05 compared with the model group, ^cP < 0.05 compared with the TXL-L group, n = 3-4. TXL: Tongxinluo; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; ICAM-1: intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; NO: Nitric oxide.