Tongxinluo promotes endothelium-dependent arteriogenesis to attenuate diabetic peripheral arterial disease

Figure 3 Tongxinluo inhibited endothelial cell pyroptosis. A: Immunofluorescence staining for assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in ischemic hindlimbs (400×, bar = 50 μm); B: Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity of ROS; C-G: Western blot analysis of the expression of the pyroptosis-associated proteins NLRP3, GSDMD, Caspase-1 and Cleaved caspase-1 in the ischemic adductor; H and I: The pyroptosis-associated inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA. The values are shown as the means ± SDs. ^aP < 0.05 compared with the normal group, ^bP < 0.05 compared with the model group, ^cP < 0.05 compared with the Tongxinluo-L group, n = 3-4. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TXL: Tongxinluo.