Tongxinluo promotes endothelium-dependent arteriogenesis to attenuate diabetic peripheral arterial disease

Figure 2 Tongxinluo promoted arteriogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb. A: Representative whole-mount images of Microfil vascular casting of mouse limbs; B and C: Collateral vessels are indicated by white arrows and were quantified by micro- computed tomography analysis to determine the vessel volume and surface area; D: Immunofluorescence staining for CD31 (red) and α-SMA (green) to evaluate the capillary density and arterioles in the ischemic adductor (200×, bar=100 μm); E-F: Quantification of the mean fluorescence density of CD31 and α-SMA. All the values are shown as the means ± SDs. ^aP < 0.05 compared with the normal group, ^bP <0.05 compared with the model group, ^cP < 0.05 compared with the Tongxinluo group, n = 3-6. TXL: Tongxinluo.