Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: Implications of inflammation and oxidative stress

Figure 1 An overview of the pathological implications of adipose tissue hypertrophy and insulin resistance during the development and progressive loss of β-cell function in conditions of obesity to type 2 diabetes. Briefly, adipose tissue expansion (usually seen in obesity or type 2 diabetes) is associated with enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory markers and generation of oxidative stress that directly or indirectly cause pancreatic β-cell loss, leading to impaired insulin secretion. CRP: C-reactive protein; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL: Interleukin; FFAs: Free fatty acids.