Postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion is associated with urinary albumin excretion in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients

Table 2 Mean differences [B (95% confidence interval)] in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio among the quartiles of plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 levels in all type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Variable	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P value
30 min GLP-1	0.24-7.8	7.81-14.3	14.33-27.24	27.31-89.48
Number	191	196	187	186	-
LnUACR	2.58 ± 1.37	2.62 ± 1.30	2.34 ± 1.47	1.85 ± 1.75	-
Model 0	0-reference	-0.036 (-0.333 to 0.261)	-0.214 (-0.516 to 0.088)	-0.746 (-1.046 to -0.445)a	< 0.001
Model 1	0-reference	-0.022 (-0.314 to 0.271)	-0.213 (-0.510 to 0.084)	-0.772 (-1.069 to -0.476)a	< 0.001
Model 2	0-reference	0.086 (-0.223 to 0.395)	-0.152 (-0.460 to 0.155)	-0.708 (-1.017 to -0.399)a	< 0.001
120 min GLP-1	0.03-7.13	7.18-13.6	13.61-25.97	26.0-98.36
Number	194	190	193	183	-
LnUACR	2.57 ± 1.54	2.59 ± 1.22	2.23 ± 1.52	2.01 ± 1.65	-
Model 0	0-reference	-0.030 (-0.272 to 0.331)	-0.330 (-0.632 to -0.028)a	-0.517 (-0.822 to -0.213)a	0.001
Model 1	0-reference	-0.051 (-0.247 to 0.350)	-0.270 (-0.567 to 0.028)	-0.456 (-0/758 to -0.155)a	< 0.001
Model 2	0-reference	0.169 (-0.142 to 0.480)	-0.332 (-0.639 to -0.025)a	-0.431 (-0.744 to -0.119)a	< 0.001
AUCGLP-1	175.1-734.2	313.7-1736.3	2817.0-4454.6	4510.2-11877.2
Number	193	192	189	186	-
LnUACR	2.80 ± 1.24	2.49 ± 138	2.25 ± 1.51	1.86 ± 1.72	-
Model 0	0-reference	-0.331 (-0.630 to -0.033)	-0.528 (-0.827 to -0.229)	-0.920 (-1.220 to -0.619)a	< 0.001
Model 1	0-reference	-0.251 (-0.547 to 0.045)	-0.496 (-0.794 to -0.198)a	-0.869 (-1.168 to -0.569)a	< 0.001
Model 2	0-reference	-0.231 (-0.539 to 0.077)	-0.446 (-0.757 to -0.135)a	-0.860 (-1.169 to -0.552)a	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05.

Values are presented as range, number, means ± SD, or mean difference (95% confidence interval). Model 0: Crude; Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, statins medication, evaluated glomerular filtration rate and glycosylated hemoglobin; Model 2: Additionally adjusted for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, area under the glucose curve and area under the glucagon curve. GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1; UACR: Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; LnUACR: Natural logarithm of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; AUCGLP-1: Area under the curve for active glucagon-like peptide 1.