Postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion is associated with urinary albumin excretion in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Variable	Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes			P value
	Total	UACR < 30 mg/g	UACR ≥ 30 mg/g
Number	760	595	165
Age, yr	50.5 ± 9.1	50.3 ± 9.1	51.1 ± 9.6	0.306
Sex, %				0.234
Female	306 (40.1)	232 (38.8)	74 (44.3)	0.212
BMI, kg/m2	25.5 ± 2.6	25.4 ± 2.6	25.7 ± 2.7	0.281
Waist circumference, cm	89.4 ± 8.4	89.2 ± 8.4	90.1 ± 8.2	0.226
SBP, mmHg	123.7 ± 13.1	122.7 ± 12.8	127.2 ± 13.4	< 0.001
DBP, mmHg	79.1 ± 8.5	78.4 ± 8.4	81.3 ± 8.7	< 0.001
eGFR, mL/min	105.6 ± 54.8	103.5 ± 31.9	112.6 ± 98.3	0.052
HbA1c, %	7.5 ± 1.1	7.5 ± 1.2	7.6 ± 1.3	0.804
TG, mmol/L	2.4 ± 2.4	2.3 ± 2.2	2.7 ± 2.9	0.058
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.3	0.812
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.1 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 0.9	3.1 ± 1.0	0.508
HOMA-IR	4.0 (2.5-6.3)	3.8 (2.5-6.1)	4.9 (3.1-7.4)	< 0.001
HOMA-β	49.2 (29.0-76.2)	48.1 (28.1-74.4)	53.0 (32.9-81.4)	0.086
LnUACR	2.34 ± 1.51	1.82 ± 1.26	4.16 ± 0.65	< 0.001
RAS inhibitor/RASR blocker use	34 (4.4)	25 (4.2)	9 (5.4)	0.431

Values are expressed as means ± SD, median (interquartile range) or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: Evaluated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-β: Homeostasis model assessment-β; HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein; LnUACR: Natural logarithm of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; TG: Triglyceride; RAS: Renin angiotensin system; RASR: Renin angiotensin system receptor; UACR: Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.