Clinical and biochemical predictors of intensive care unit admission among patients with diabetic ketoacidosis

Table 2 Comparison of laboratory parameters of diabetic ketoacidosis patients admitted to intensive care unit to those not admitted to intensive care unit

Baseline characteristics	Units	Admitted to ICU (n = 229)	Not admitted to ICU (n = 693)	P value
Random blood glucose at admission, median (IQR)	mmol/L	24 (18.2-30.6)	23 (18.2-29.6)	0.290
White cell count at admission, median (IQR)	4-10 × 103/uL	15.1 (10.2-21.2)	11.2 (7.9-15.7)	< 0.001
Urea at admission, median (IQR)	mmol/L	6.5 (4.6-10.3)	5.6 (4.0-8.0)	< 0.001
Creatinine at admission, median (IQR)	umol/L	99 (75-144)	82 (63-114)	< 0.001
BHB at admission, median (IQR)	mmol/L	5.8 (4.6-7.1)	5.8 (4.5-7.4)	0.800
CRP at admission, median (IQR)	mg/L	27 (9-83)	14 (5-33)	< 0.001
Lactate at admission, median (IQR)	mmol/L	1.8 (1.2-3.1)	1.7 (1.1-2.7)	0.500
Serum pH at admission, mean ± SD	NA	7.10 ± 0.15	7.20 ± 0.13	< 0.001
Bicarbonate at admission, mean ± SD	mmol/L	9.2 ± 4.1	11.6 ± 4.3	< 0.001
Anion Gap at admission, median (IQR)	mEq/L	24.0 (19.2-29.0)	22 (17-27)	< 0.001
DKA severity	n (%)
Mild		24 (10.5)	178 (25.7)	< 0.001
Moderate		71 (31.0)	261 (37.7)
Severe		134 (58.5)	254 (36.6)

ICU: Intensive care unit; BHB: Beta-hydroxybutyrate; CRP: C-reactive protein; DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis; NA: Not available.