Fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a promising strategy for treating diabetes

Table 4 Real-world evidence regarding patients’ satisfaction with fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin and a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist

Ref.	Target patients	Design	Duration	Representative outcomes
Persano et al[50], 2021	MDIs	Prospective, observational	6 mo	Switching from MDIs to IDegLira improved HbA1c, body mass, and the QOL score
Rizza et al[55], 2021	MDIs, basal insulin + OADs, and OADs alone	Prospective, interventional	6 mo	The DTSQ score improved, but CASP-19 did not, after switching to IDegLira
Polonsky et al[56], 2022	Basal insulin + OADs	RCT	26 wk	Switching from basal insulin to IGlarLixi improved patient-reported outcomes vs twice daily BIAsp 30
Oe et al[57], 2023	IDeg + DPP-4i	Prospective, observational	2 wk	Switching from IDeg + DPP-4i to IDegLira improved QOL, as assessed using DTR-QOL

GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; MDIs: Multiple daily insulin injections; OADs: Oral anti-diabetic agents; IDeg: Insulin degludec; DPP-4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; RCT: Randomized, controlled trial; IDegLira: Insulin glargine/liraglutide; QOL: Quality of life; DTSQ: Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire; CASP-19: 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self-realization, Pleasure scale; IGlarLixi: Insulin glargine/lixisenatide; BIAsp 30: Biphasic insulin aspart 30/70; DTR-QOL: Diabetes therapy-related QOL.