Fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as a promising strategy for treating diabetes

Table 2 Major phase III trials of fixed-ratio combinations of basal insulin and a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist

FRC	Name	Baseline treatment	Comparator	Duration	Relative reduction in HbA1c vs comparator
IDegLira	Dual I[31]	OADs	IDeg or Lira	26 wk	−0.47% vs IDeg (P < 0.0001); −0.64% vs Lira (P < 0.0001)
	Dual II[35]	Basal insulin + Met	IDeg	26 wk	−1.1% (P < 0.0001)
	Dual III[36]	GLP-1RA	GLP-1RA	26 wk.	−0.94% (P < 0.001)
	Dual IV[37]	SU or SU + Met	Placebo	26 wk	−1.02% (P < 0.001)
	Dual V[33]	Basal insulin	IGlar U100	26 wk	−0.59% (P < 0.001)
	Dual VII[38]	Basal insulin + Met	Basal-bolus therapy	26 wk	−0.02% (P < 0.0001)
	Dual IX[39]	SGLT2i	IGlar U100	26 wk	−0.36% (P < 0.0001)
IGlarLixi	LixiLan-O[32]	Met ± other OADs	IGlar or Lixi	30 wk	−0.3% vs IGlar (P < 0.0001); −0.8% vs Lira (P < 0.0001)
	LixiLan-L[34]	Basal insulin ± OADs	IGlar U100	30 wk	−0.5% (P < 0.001)
	LixiLan JP-O1[40]	OADs	Lixisenatide	26 wk	-1.07% (P < 0.0001)
	LixiLan JP-O2[41]	OADs	IGlar U100	26 wk	-0.63% (P < 0.0001)
	LixiLan JP-L[42]	Met + basal insulin	IGlar U100	26 wk	-0.74% (P < 0.0001)
	LixiLan-L-CN[43]	Basal insulin ± OADs	IGlar U100	30 wk	-0.7% (P < 0.0001)

FCR: Fixed-ratio combination; GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; IDegLira: Insulin glargine/liraglutide; IGlarLixi: Insulin glargine/lixisenatide; OADs: Oral anti-diabetic agents; Met: Metformin; SU: Sulfonylurea; SGLT2i: Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; IDeg: Insulin degludec; Lira: Liraglutide; IGlar: Insulin glargine.