Modulatory effect of caffeic acid in alleviating diabetes and associated complications

Table 2 List of clinical trials conducted on propolis against diabetes mellitus

Number	Treatment	Condition	Outcome	ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, phase, and status of trial
1	Propolis 300 mg twice a day for 12 wk	Type 2 DM	Propolis administration modified the glycemic control in patients with type 2 DM	ClinicalTrials.gov
				Identifier: NCT03416127
				Phase: 2
				Status: Completed
2	Propolis 400 mg for 6 mo, after performing scaling and root planing	Type 2 DM, periodontitis	Improvement in HbA1c, FPG, serum CML, and changes in periodontal parameters	ClinicalTrials.gov
				Identifier: NCT02794506
				Phase: 4
				Status: Completed
3	Propolis spray at the site of injury	Diabetic foot ulcer	Propolis possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and its topical application is well tolerated, improving the healing of human diabetic foot ulcer	ClinicalTrials.gov
				Identifier: NCT03649243
				Phase: Not applicable
				Status: Completed

DM: Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c, FPG: Fasting plasma glucose, CML: Carboxymethyllysine.