Atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating macrophage polarization

Figure 1 Comparison of echocardiographic indices of cardiac systolic and diastolic function between each group. A: Representative pictures of cardiac echocardiography in each group; B–E: db/db mice received daily oral gavage of sterilized water (DM group) showed a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal dimension in systole (LVIDs), accompanied by a significant reduction in left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), while db/db mice that received daily oral gavage of 10 mg/kg/d atorvastatin group showed decreased levels of LVIDd, and augmented levels of LVFS and LVEF. The DM+MET group had decreased levels of LVIDd and LVIDs, but no effects on LVFS and LVEF. Data represent the means ± SD (n = 5). ^aP < 0.05 compared with db/db mice received daily oral gavage of sterilized water group. ^bP < 0.05 compared with C57BL/6 mice. DM: db/db mice received daily oral gavage of sterilized water; DM + ATO: db/db mice received daily oral gavage of 10 mg/kg/d atorvastatin; DM + MET: db/db mice received daily oral gavage of 200 mg/kg metformin; CON: C57BL/6 mice; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: Left ventricular fractional shortening; LVIDs: Left ventricular internal dimension in systole; LVIDd: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter.