Genetic perspectives on childhood monogenic diabetes: Diagnosis, management, and future directions

Figure 1 Hepatic nuclear factor 1α mutations cause beta cell dysfunction. hepatic nuclear factor 1α (HNF1A) controls the expression of genes essential in carbohydrates and protein metabolism, such as glycolysis, the Calvin cycle, and mitochondrial oxidation. HNF1A deficiency inhibits mitochondrial respiration in human embryonic stem cell-derived beta cells. HNF1A: Hepatic nuclear factor 1α.