Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria

doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1803

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2023; 14(12): 1803-1812
Published online Dec 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1803

Table 2 Comparison of baseline data among the four groups

Group	I	II	III	IV	Statistics	P value
Number	66	101	81	70	-	-
Sex (male/female)	22/44	57/44^a	36/45	33/37	8.755¹	0.033
Age (yr)	51 (19)	55 (16)^a	55.5 (15.75)^a	58 (13.75)^a	14.314²	0.003
DBP (mmHg)	73 (17.5)	87 (17.75)^a	86 (17.75)^a	92 (17.75)^a^,^b	45.370²	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	125 (24.5)	153 (34.5)^a	153.5 (35.5)^a	154 (29)^a	54.376²	< 0.001
Height (cm)	158 (11)	160 (14)	157 (10.75)	158.5 (14.75)	0.674²	0.879
Weight (kg)	54.4 (15.5)	62 (15.5)^a	62 (13)^a	64.5 (17.75)^a	30.99²	< 0.01
BMI (kg/m²)	21.74 (3.91)	25.3 (3.82)^a	25.40 (4.53)^a	25.39 (4.47)^a	40.147²	< 0.01
Course of disease (mo)	-	90 (133.35)^a	111.5 (132.5)^a	118.5 (1332.5)^a	147.932²	< 0.01
HbA1c (%)	5.7 (0.6)	9.6 (3.55)^a	9.7 (3.5)^a	9.35 (2.88)^a	151.947²	< 0.01
FBG (mmol/L)	5.33 (0.75)	7.35 (2.93)^a	8.85 (5.68)^a^,^b	8.85 (3.2)^b	106.139²	< 0.01
2-h PBG (mmol/L)	9.43 (1.83)	12.65 (2.45)^a	13.4 (6.92)^a	13.6 (7.47)^a^,^b	102.209²	< 0.01
INS (mmol/L)	7.47 (5.79)	8.23 (8.54)^a	8.0 (9.26)^a	7.94 (8.01)	5.999²	0.112
Fasting C-peptide (mmol/L)	1.61 (1)	1.73 (1.58)	1.35 (1.62)	1.97 (2.37)	5.645²	0.130
BUN (mmol/L)	4.92 (1.79)	5.85 (2.15)^a	5.67 (1.94)^a	7.82 (2.56)^a^,^b^,^c	56.728²	< 0.01
Cr (μmol/L)	55 (29.05)	58.6 (25.33)	57.4 (22.65)	87.95 (53.78)^a^,^b^,^c	53.938²	< 0.01
UA (μmol/L)	347.6 (122.9)	318.25 (187.6)	298.95 (138.18)	389.1 (189.58)^b	10.817²	0.013
TG (mmol/L)	1.42 (0.75)	1.69 (1.54)^a	1.81 (1.40)^a	1.74 (1.43)^a	14.974²	0.02
TC (mmol/L)	3.77 (1.67)	4.51 (1.66)^a	4.58 (1.53)^a	4.44 (1.91)^a	14.796²	0.02
HDL (mmol/L)	1.14 (0.35)	1.08 (0.40)	1.09 (0.30)	1.09 (0.40)	1.305²	0.728
LDL (mmol/L)	2.55 (1.14)	2.61 (1.45)	2.54 (1.42)	2.69 (1.95)	1.145²	0.766
UCAR (μg/mg)	18.95 (11.92)	21.9 (48.63)^a	67.85 (67.3)^a^,^b	2314.5 (3161.08)^a^,^b^,^c	218.326²	< 0.01
Hypertension (yes/no)	57/9	64/37^a	29/52^a^,^b	31/39^a^,^b	44.444¹	< 0.01
Hyperlipidemia (yes/no)	52/14	62/39^a	48/33^a	46/24	7.301¹	0.063
CHD (yes/no)	63/3	90/11	72/9	66/4	3.482¹	0.323
Stoke (yes/no)	63/3	95/6	72/9	63/7	4.182¹	0.242
Drink (yes/no)	55/11	66/35	60/21	45/35	8.359¹	0.039
Smoke (yes/no)	53/13	68/33^a	57/24	46/24^a	4.305¹	0.230

^aRepresents a statistically significant difference from group I.

^bRepresents a statistically significant difference from group II.

^cRepresents a statistically significant difference from group III.

¹Represents χ² value.

²Represents H value.

DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; 2-h PBG: 2-h postprandial blood glucose; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; UA: Uric acid; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; UCAR: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; CHD: Coronary heart disease.

Citation: Liu YY, Wan Q. Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(12): 1803-1812
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v14/i12/1803.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1803