Cellular and molecular overview of gestational diabetes mellitus: Is it predictable and preventable?

Figure 2 A brief summary of insulin signaling and subsequent glucose transporter 4 translocation that implicate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of gestational diabetes mellitus. AKT: Protein kinase B; APKC: Atypical protein kinases C; GDP: Guanosine diphosphate; GLUT4: Glucose transporter 4; GTP: Guanosine triphosphate; IRS: Insulin receptor substrate; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1.