Role of glycolysis in diabetic atherosclerosis

Figure 3 Effects of glycolysis on vascular smooth muscle cells in hyperglycemic environment. The crosstalk between crotonylation and ubiquitination in glycolysis related enzymes may be a potential mechanism underlying the phenotypic remodeling of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Ox-low-density lipoprotein promotes proliferation and migration of VSMC by up-regulating PKM2-related glycolysis. Oxidative damage in the context of diabetes plays an important role in these processes, causing the development of diabetic atherosclerosis. PKM: Pyruvate kinase subtype; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein.