Characteristics of glucose change in diabetes mellitus generalized through continuous wavelet transform processing: A preliminary study

Table 1 Background characteristics of patients with diabetes (n = 30) and subjects without diabetes (n = 10)

Characteristic	T1DM group	T2DM group	P value	Subjects without diabetes
Days evaluated, n	60	296	-	23
Age, yr	50 (43-66)	61 (48-71)	0.419a	60 (47.5-72.3)
Sex as female/male, n	2/3	7/18	0.622b	4/6
BMI in kg/m2	28.3 (26.0-39.3)	26.0 (22.5-28.6)	0.229a	22.9 (21.7-27.2)
HbA1c, %	8.8 (8.6-9.3)	7.6 (6.9-9.0)	0.220a	5.4 (5.4-5.5)
Log MG	5.09 ± 0.32	5.11 ± 0.30	0.579c	4.61 ± 0.08
SD	56.26 ± 18.63	44.60 ± 20.29	< 0.001c	11.58 ± 2.37
%CV	34.85 ± 11.85	25.53 ± 7.43	< 0.001c	11.56 ± 2.66
Log MAGE	4.58 ± 0.40	4.41 ± 0.42	0.003c	3.17 ± 0.27
Medication, n
Metformin	0	5	0.556b	N/A
DPP-4 inhibitor	0	21	0.001b	N/A
α-GI	0	3	1.000b	N/A
Thiazoline	0	14	0.045b	N/A
SGLT2 inhibitor	0	4	1.000b	N/A
SU	0	0	1.000b	N/A
GLP-1 RA	0	5	0.556b	N/A
Insulin	5	16	0.286b	N/A
Total insulin dose in U	37 (34-38)	8 (0-20)	0.008a	N/A
Ultra-rapid in U	21 (18-26)	0 (0-11)	0.030a	N/A
Lasting in U	16 (11-20)	2 (0-14)	0.022a	N/A

^aMann-Whitney U test.

^bFisher’s exact test.

^cUnpaired t-test.

BMI: Body mass index; CV: Coefficient of variation; DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GI: Glucosidase inhibitor; GLP-1 RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; MAGE: Mean amplitude of glucose excursion; MG: Mean glucose; N/A: Not applicable; SD: Standard deviation; SGLT2: Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2; SU: Sulfonylurea; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.