Future applications of exosomes delivering resolvins and cytokines in facilitating diabetic foot ulcer healing

Figure 2 Exosome formation through the endosomal pathway. Endocytosis produces endocytic vesicles which will fuse to form early endosomes. Endosomes mature into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and parts of their membranes endocytose to form intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within themselves. With 2 stages of endocytosis, the orientation of the bilaminar membrane of the ILVs will possess the same orientation as the cell’s membrane. The MVBs fuse to the cellular membrane to release the ILVs now referred to as exosomes. IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.