Improved systemic half-life of glucagon-like peptide-1-loaded carbonate apatite nanoparticles in rats

Figure 3 The binding affinity of glucagon-like peptide-1 towards carbonate apatite nanoparticles. Lane 1. Free glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) 50 μg; 2. Free GLP1 100 μg; 3. GLP1 500 μg + Ca²⁺; 4. GLP1 1 mg + Ca²⁺; 5. GLP1 2 mg + Ca²⁺; 6. protein ladder; 7. GLP1 500 μg + Ca²⁺ +1% fetal bovine serum (FBS); 8. GLP1 1 mg + Ca²⁺ + 1% FBS; 9. GLP1 2 mg + Ca²⁺ + 1% FBS; 10. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) + Ca²⁺ + 1% FBS; 11. Blank; 12. 1% FBS; 13. Ca²⁺ + 1% FBS. GLP1 band was observed from carbonate apatite nanoparticles prepared with 1 mg and 2 mg GLP1, as shown in Lanes 8 and 9, along with the FBS band.