Copyright
©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2022; 13(8): 587-599
Published online Aug 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i8.587
Published online Aug 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i8.587
Biomarkers | ||||
Traditional biomarkers | Traditional biomarkers of glomerular injury | Albumin/creatinine ratio eGFR | Lack of specificity and sensitivity | (1) Predict the late stages of DKD; (2) Daily variation in urine albumin/creatinine ratio; and (3) eGFR values may be affected by the patient’s hemodynamics, diet and hydration status |
Novel biomarkers | Glomerular biomarkers | NF-α, transferrin, Type IV collagen, L-PGDS, IgG, ceruloplasmin, laminin, GAGs, fibronectin, podocalyxin, VEGF | Appear before microalbuminuria | Early predictor of DKD |
Tubular biomarkers | α-1-microglobulin CysC; KIM-1; NGAL; nephrin; NAG; L-FABP; VDBP; CypA; s-Klotho | Appear before/precede microalbuminuria | (1) Are more sensitive vs new glomerular biomarkers; (2) Early predictors of DKD; and (3) Predictor of DKD progression | |
Biomarkers of inflammation | Cytokines: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, interferon gamma-IP-10, MCP-1, adiponectin, G-CSF, eotaxins, RANTES or CCL-5, orosomucoid | (1) Precede a significantly increased albuminuria; (2) Correlate positively with albumin excretion rate and intima-media thickness; and (3) May trigger direct renal injury | Predictor of DKD progression | |
Biomarkers of oxidative stress | Urinary 8oHdG Pentosidine | Predict the development of DKD |
- Citation: Muntean C, Starcea IM, Banescu C. Diabetic kidney disease in pediatric patients: A current review. World J Diabetes 2022; 13(8): 587-599
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v13/i8/587.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i8.587