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World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2022; 13(8): 587-599
Published online Aug 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i8.587
Table 1 Risk factors for diabetic kidney disease development
Non-modifiable
Modifiable
Small/young age at DM onsetPoor glycemic control
Diabetes durationGlucose variability: Hypo/hyperglycemia
PubertyOverweight/obesity
Family history of diabetic complications and insulin resistanceDyslipidemia
Genetic factorsHigh blood pressure
Race/ethnicityMicroalbuminuria
Smoking, alcohol
Intrauterine exposure (maternal diabetes, obesity)
Low birth weight