Relationship between quality of life and adolescent glycolipid metabolism disorder: A cohort study

Table 1 General characteristics of glycolipid metabolism study in adolescents (mean ± SD)

Variable	Male	Female	F	P value
Anthropometric measures
Age, yr	11.21 ± 0.64	11.13 ± 0.68	7.55	0.006
Height, cm	151.52 ± 8.53	152.08 ± 7.30	2.41	0.121
Weight, kg	45.31 ± 11.87	43.46 ± 10.00	13.81	< 0.001
Waist circumference, cm	68.17 ± 11.07	63.76 ± 8.52	96.30	< 0.001
FBG, mmol/L	4.49 ± 0.45	4.42 ± 0.41	14.81	< 0.001
HbA1c, %	5.37 ± 0.20	5.37 ± 0.19	0.04	0.843
Insulin, pmol/L	82.91 ± 81.09	85.30 ± 70.01	0.48	0.486
Insulin resistance index	2.42 ± 2.65	2.41 ± 2.13	0.01	0.952
Creatinine, mmol/L	52.86 ± 10.60	53.96 ± 28.20	1.26	0.261
Uric acid, μmol/L	333.51 ± 83.13	305.13 ± 66.72	65.16	< 0.001
TG, mean, mmol/L	1.04 ± 0.52	1.09 ± 0.49	4.41	0.036
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.43 ± 0.32	1.43 ± 0.30	0.00	0.994
LDL-C, mmol/L	1.84 ± 0.43	1.84 ± 0.44	0.02	0.893
Physical activity, min/day	3.52 ± 0.62	3.52 ± 0.57	0.01	0.939
Sleep score	45.08 ± 5.85	45.97± 6.38	10.36	0.001
Dietary intake, g/day
Cereals and potatoes	183.48 ± 173.6	160.72 ± 164.5	8.86	0.003
Vegetables	207.71 ± 197.7	216.41 ± 213.8	0.88	0.349
Red meat	159.26 ± 199.9	152.11 ± 204.2	0.61	0.434
Nutritional supplements	20.05 ± 32.04	19.29 ± 32.57	0.27	0.603
Increased BMI during pregnancy, kg/m2	1.82 ± 0.75	1.82 ± 0.75	0.05	0.829
13 domains of QoL
Self-satisfaction	50.83 ± 11.09	49.33 ± 11.48	8.60	0.003
Relationship of teacher and pupil	53.62 ± 10.20	53.81 ± 9.64	0.19	0.665
Physical feeling	50.32 ± 10.53	49.60 ± 11.00	2.16	0.142
Companionship	54.34 ± 9.88	53.14 ± 10.96	6.49	0.011
Parenthood	52.13 ± 10.83	50.73 ± 11.76	7.43	0.007
Physical activity ability	50.11 ± 10.96	50.13 ± 10.23	0.01	0.966
Learning ability and attitude	52.34 ± 9.92	51.41 ± 10.33	4.14	0.042
Self-esteem	51.18 ± 11.20	49.75 ± 10.84	8.21	0.004
Negative emotion	48.23 ± 10.79	47.14 ± 11.57	4.61	0.032
Attitude towards doing homework	51.44 ± 9.23	51.59 ± 9.00	0.13	0.716
Activity opportunity	54.99 ± 9.40	54.39 ± 9.64	1.88	0.170
Living convenience	54.41 ± 7.88	54.54 ± 7.47	0.14	0.704
Other	50.99 ± 10.01	50.60 ± 10.13	0.71	0.401
Four factors of QoL
Psychosocial factor	64.71 ± 10.26	65.25 ± 10.17	1.36	0.244
Physical and mental health factor	36.00 ± 6.02	35.77 ± 5.90	0.73	0.393
Living environment factor	24.36 ± 4.20	23.73 ± 4.28	10.58	0.001
Quality of life satisfaction factor	25.13 ± 4.31	24.72 ± 4.42	4.38	0.037
Mother’s education, yr, n (%)
Approximately 9	314 (31.15)	325 (34.17)	2.35	0.308
Approximately 12	360 (35.71)	315 (33.12)
≥ 15	334 (33.13)	311 (32.70)
Father’s education, yr, n (%)
Approximately 9	277 (27.48)	250 (26.29)	6.22	0.045
Approximately 12	338 (33.53)	369 (38.80)
≥ 15	393 (38.99)	332 (34.91)
Income, Yuan/year, n (%)
Approximately 25000	155 (15.38)	141 (14.83)	2.74	0.741
Approximately 50000	166 (16.47)	168 (17.67)
Approximately 100000	236 (23.41)	245 (25.76)
Approximately 150000	190 (18.85)	163 (17.14)
Approximately 200000	117 (11.61)	106 (11.15)
> 200000	144 (14.29)	128 (13.46)
Region
Urban, n (%)	764 (75.79)	728 (76.55)	0.16	0.694
Rural, n (%)	244 (24.21)	223 (23.45)

IR: Insulin resistance; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated haemoglobin; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; QoL: Quality of life; BMI: Body mass index.