Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2022.
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2022; 13(7): 553-565
Published online Jul 15, 2022. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.553
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes depending on trabecular bone score values
Parameter
Women with TBS > 1.31 (n = 53)
Women with TBS ≤ 1.31 (n = 43)
P value
Age (yr)62 (59; 68)65 (59; 72)0.09
Age at menopause (yr)50 (46; 53)50 (45; 52.5)0.6
Time since menopause (yr)14 (10; 19)17 (9; 21.5)0.72
Diabetes duration (yr)14 (10; 20)19 (12; 23)0.052
Height (cm)160 (156; 165)164 (160; 167)0.008
Body weight (kg)90 (81; 101)84 (80; 93)0.2
BMI (kg/m2)35.3 (32.5; 37.2)32 (29.7; 34.9)0.007
WHR0.95 (0.93; 1.0)1.02 (0.9; 1.05)0.37
HbA1c (%)8.5 (7.1; 9.3)8.9 (7.7; 10.1)0.13
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)4.4 (4.1; 5.6)5.1 (3.9; 5.7)0.44
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)2.9 (2.6; 3.7)3.4 (2.7; 3.9)0.21
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)1.3 (1.1; 1.5)1.2 (1.1; 1.5)0.67
Triglycerides (mmol/L)1.8 (1.1; 2.5)2.1 (1.4; 2.7)0.31
hsCRP (mmol/L)3.1 (1.8; 8.3)3.3 (1.5; 7.3)0.71
Calcium (mmol/L)2.4 (2.4; 2.5)2.4 (2.4; 2.5)0.96
Phosphorus (mmol/L)1.2 (1.1; 1.4)1.3 (1.2; 1.4)0.11
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)84.6 (67.3; 107.3)81.1 (64.8; 98.5)0.66
PTH (pg/mL)32.4 (24; 45.4)31.2 (15.3; 39.0)0.36
25(OH)D (ng/mL)21.3 (15.8; 26.5)18.7 (12.4; 24.2)0.07
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)76 (55; 93)72 (57; 92)0.7
UACR (mg/mmoL)0.6 (0.3; 1.1)0.5 (0.3; 1.0)0.18
Diabetic retinopathy, n (%)24 (45.3%)24 (55.8%)0.38
CKD, n (%)22 (41.5%)20 (46.5%)0.89
Diabetic neuropathy, n (%)53 (100%)43 (100%)0.76
Peripheral artery disease, n (%) 19 (35.8%)19 (48.3%)0.42
Coronary artery disease, n (%)17 (32.1%)11 (27.6%) 0.59
Metformin, n (%)43 (81.1%)37 (86%)0.68
Sulfonylurea, n (%)20 (37.7%)14 (32.6%)0.67
DPP4 inhibitor, n (%)3 (5.7%)6 (14%)0.49
SGLT2 inhibitor, n (%)16 (30.2%)10 (23.3%)0.56
Insulin, n (%)38 (71.7%)32 (74.4%)0.82
Fracture in medical history, n (%)6 (11.3%)14 (32.6%)0.02
Low-energy fracture in medical history, n (%)2 (3.8%)9 (20.9%)0.01
Data are presented as medians (25; 75 percentiles). TBS: Trabecular bone score; BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; PTH: Parathyroid hormone; 25(ОН)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; UACR: Urinary albumin-to-creatitine ratio; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DPP4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; SGLT2: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2.