Association between urinary concentrations of bisphenol A substitutes and diabetes in adults

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of main variables analyzed in individuals of group 1 (diabetes)

	Non-diabetic	Diabetic
n	3017	641
Age	41.11 (40.48-41.75)	58.33 (57.15-59.53)d
Gender, % of men	46.6	51
BMI, kg/m2	27.82 (27.6-28.04)	31.4 (30.86-31.94)d
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	98.08 (97.56-98.6)	149.6 (144.4-154.9)d
HbA1c, %	5.41 (5.40-5.43)	7.26 (7.14-7.39)d
Cotinine, serum, ng/mL	0.28 (0.24-0.31)	0.18 (0.13-0.24)a
Smoker, %	42.5	50.2
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	121 (120.4-121.6)	130.2 (128.7-131.7)d
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	68.86 (68.42-69.31)	68.21 (67.17-69.26)
Hypertension, %	36.1	71.9
Dyslipidemia, %	35	66.6
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	187.4 (186-188.9)	180.7 (177.2-184.2)c
Bisphenol F, µg/g creatinine	0.41 (0.39-0.43)	0.43 (0.38-0.48)
Bisphenol S, µg/g creatinine	0.5 (0.48-0.52)	0.59 (0.53-0.64)b

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

^dP < 0.0001.

The results are expressed as percentages (%) or as geometric mean (95%CI). BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c.