Baseline moderate-range albuminuria is associated with protection against severe COVID-19 pneumonia

Table 5 Multivariable logistic regression analysis performed to determine the risk factors for bacterial infection (n = 144)

		OR	95%CI	P value
Model 1	Sex (female vs male)	1.88	0.70-5.05	0.21
Baseline characteristics	Age (yr)	0.98	0.93-1.02	0.34
R-square: 2.8%	BMI (kg/m2)	0.95	0.88-1.04	0.27
Model 2	Sex (female vs male)	7.23	1.57-33.23	0.011
Baseline characteristics	Age (yr)	1.00	0.92-1.09	0.97
R-square: 54.0%	BMI (kg/m2)	0.94	0.84-1.05	0.26
	HbA1c (%)	1.19	0.88-1.60	0.25
	Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area)	1.05	1.01-1.08	0.013
	NLRmax	1.36	1.21-1.54	< 0.001
Model 3	Sex (female vs male)	7.26	1.58-33.44	0.011
Baseline characteristics	BMI (kg/m2)	0.94	0.84-1.05	0.26
R-square: 54.0%	Age (yr)	1.00	0.92-1.09	0.98
	HbA1c (%)	1.19	0.87-1.61	0.28
	Baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2 of body surface area)	1.05	1.01-1.08	0.012
	NLRmax	1.37	1.21-1.55	< 0.001
	Albuminuria	1.12	0.32-3.96	0.86

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence intervals; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; NLR_max: Maximum neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio.