Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2021; 12(8): 1233-1247
Published online Aug 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1233
Published online Aug 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1233
Foetal effects[22] |
Foetal–placental circulation in both structure and function and altered placental villi vascularization |
Congenital cardiac malformations |
Foetal cardiomyopathy |
Foetal venous thrombosis |
Pathological foetal heart rates |
Diabetic fetopathy-associated heart failure |
Single umbilical artery |
Neonatal effects[22] |
Cardiovascular maladaptation to extra-uterine life |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (adaptive hypertrophy) |
Pericardial effusion (15%) |
Intermittent or persistent bradycardia |
Cardiomegaly |
Simple congenital heart diseases: |
Patent foramen ovale |
Patent ductus arteriosus |
Ventricular septal defect |
Atrial septal defect |
Aortic coarctation (Isolated) |
Complex congenital heart diseases: |
Tetralogy of Fallot |
Aortic coarctation (when associated with other CHDs) |
Persistent truncus arteriosus |
Hypoplastic left ventricle. |
Visceral heterotaxia |
Single ventricle |
Long term effects[23] |
Increased rates of early-onset CVD from childhood to early adulthood (29% more than from non-diabetic mothers): |
Overall CVD |
Ischaemic heart disease |
Cerebrovascular disease |
Stroke |
Heart failure |
Atrial fibrillation |
Hypertensive disease |
Deep vein thrombosis |
Pulmonary embolism |
- Citation: Al-Biltagi M, El razaky O, El Amrousy D. Cardiac changes in infants of diabetic mothers . World J Diabetes 2021; 12(8): 1233-1247
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v12/i8/1233.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1233