Role of interferons in diabetic retinopathy

Table 2 Concentration of interferons in patient samples

IIFNs	Source	Condition of disease	Concentration
IFN-γ	Tears (multiplex bead analysis)	Controls	1463.0 ± 158.8 (pg/mL)[39]
		DNR	1612.8 ± 228.2 (pg/mL)[39]
		DR	1957.50 ± 166.1 (pg/mL)[39]
	Aqueous humor (CBA)	Controls	60.29 ± 14.17 (pg/L)[40]
		DNR	54.96 ± 16.29 (pg/L)[40]
		NPDR	114.26 ± 50.76 (pg/L)[40]
		PDR	136.36 ± 35.55 (pg/L)[40]
	Vitreous fluids (ELISA)	Controls	3.83 ± 0.80 (pg/mL)[42]
		DR	6.25 ± 0.84 (pg/mL)[42]
	Serum (ELISA)	Controls	2.9 (pg/mL)[46]
		DNR	27.8 (pg/mL)[46]
		DR	56.8 (pg/mL)[46]
IFN-α	Aqueous humor (Bio-Plex protm magnetic color-bead-based multiplex assay)	Controls	26.2 (0-84) (pg/mL)[117]
		DNR	0 (0-20) (pg/mL)[117]
		DR	0 (0-18) (pg/mL)[117]

Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM or median (range). DNR: Diabetes without retinopathy; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; CBA: Cytometric bead array technique; ELISA: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; IFN: Interferons.