Fasting biochemical hypoglycemia and related-factors in non-diabetic population: Kanagawa Investigation of Total Check-up Data from National Database-8

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants, categorized according to the presence or absence of fasting biochemical hypoglycemia

	No FBH	FBH
n (% of total)	693771 (99.7)	1842 (0.26)
st-Age (yr)	54.7 ± 10.1	54.7 ± 10.7
40s, n (%)	269439 (99.7)	758 (0.28)
50s, n (%)	185374 (99.8)	418 (0.22)
60s + 70s, n (%)	238958 (99.7)	666 (0.28)
Women, n (%)	304243 (43.9)	1088 (59.1)
BMI (kg/m2)	22.9 ± 3.3	21.2 ± 3.4c
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122 ± 16.8	118 ± 17.8c
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dL)	64.2 ± 16.8	70.6 ± 19.0c
Triglyceride, IQR (mg/dL)	90 (64-131)	71 (49-108)c
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	94.3 ± 10.0	64.7 ± 5.6
HbA1c (%)	5.5 ± 0.4	5.4 ± 0.6c
Pharmacotherapy for hypertension, n (%)	120461 (17.4)	282 (15.3)a
Pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia, n (%)	77208 (11.1)	213 (11.6)
Cardiovascular disease, n (%)	21410 (3.1)	71 (3.9)
Current smoking, n (%)	146253 (21.1)	492 (26.7)c
Habitual exercise, n (%)1	217322 (31.3)	597 (32.4)
Breakfast skipping, n (%)3	102669 (14.8)	309 (16.8)a
Late night dinner, n (%)4, N = 689639	205062 (29.8)	482 (26.3)b
Alcohol consumption per day (g ethanol)
< 23 g	379830 (54.8)	1167 (63.4)
23-45 g	193102 (27.8)	421 (22.9)
46-68 g2	88021 (12.7)	173 (9.4)
≥ 69 g2	32818 (4.7)	81 (4.4)c

Differences in continuous and categorical variables between the two groups were evaluated using Student’s t-test or the χ² test, as appropriate. The trends with increasing alcohol consumption were evaluated using the Cochran-Armitage test.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

¹Defined as habitual exercise to a light sweat for over 30 min per session twice weekly.

²Defined as a daily alcohol consumption of ≥ 46 g ethanol.

³Defined as skipping breakfast at least three times per week.

⁴Defined as eating dinner within the 2 h preceding bedtime at least three times per week. st-Age: Substituted age; BMI: Body mass index; IQR: Interquartile ratio; FBH: Fasting biochemical hyperglycemia.