Current cancer therapies and their influence on glucose control

Table 2 Hyperglycemia can be a class or drug-specific effect and may not be reversible with discontinuation

Characteristics by drug class	Glucocorticoids	5-FU and analogs	PI3K/mTOR inhibitors	Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Class effect on hyperglycemia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Negligible risk with the CTLA-4 inhibitor, ipililmumab
				Does occur with all PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, most significantly when combined
Reversibility of hyperglycemia	Yes	No	Yes	No

5-FU: 5-fluorouracil; CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; PI3K: Phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; PD-1: Programmed cell death-1; PD-L1: Programmed cell death-Ligand 1.