Blood glucose response after oral lactulose intake in type 2 diabetic individuals

Table 5 Blood glucose endpoints: 30 g liquid lactulose vs water

	30 g liquid lactulose		Water		Treatment	P value
Variable	n	LS mean (95%CI)	n	LS mean (95%CI)	Difference (95%CI)
AUCbaseline_c (0-180 min) (min/mmol/L)	15	-41.01 (-88.72, 6.70)	16	-53.21 (-99.14, -7.28)	12.20 (-47.48, 71.88)	0.6843
AUC(0-180 min) (min/mmol/L)	15	1231.73 (1184.02, 1279.43)	16	1219.53 (1173.60, 1265.46)	12.20 (-47.48, 71.88)	0.6843
iAUC(0-180 min) (min/mmol/L)	15	42.05 (9.51, 74.60)	16	18.44 (-13.04, 49.92)	23.61 (-20.52, 67.75)	0.2890
Cmax (mmol/L)	15	8.07 (7.73, 8.41)	16	7.44 (7.11, 7.77)	0.63 (0.19, 1.07)	0.0059
Max_increase (mmol/L)	15	1.00 (0.66, 1.34)	16	0.37 (0.043, 0.70)	0.63 (0.19, 1.07)	0.0059

AUC_{baseline_c (0-180 min)}: Baseline-corrected area under the curve from 0 to 180 min; AUC_{(0-180 min)}: Area under the curve from 0 to 180 min; iAUC_{(0-180 min)}: Incremental AUC_{(0-180 min)}, i.e., area above baseline levels of blood glucose concentration; C_max: Maximum blood glucose concentration; Max_increase: Maximum blood glucose concentration minus baseline value; LS mean: Adjusted least square mean obtained from analysis of covariance model