Estimated impact of introduction of new diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Likelihood ratios for adverse pregnancy outcomes for group 2-4 compared to group 1

Outcome	n (%)	LR+	95%CI	LR-	95%CI
Highest diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg
Non-GDM	273 (13.9)
WHO 1999 criteria only	21 (15.9)	1.16	0.74-1.82	0.99	0.96-1.02
WHO 2013 criteria only	98 (18.6)	1.31	1.08-1.58	0.92	0.86-0.98
Both criteria	101 (21.0)	1.47	1.22-1.78	0.89	0.84-0.95
Planned caesarean
Non-GDM	213 (11.1)
WHO 1999 criteria only	17 (12.9)	1.18	0.72-1.92	0.99	0.95-1.03
WHO 2013 criteria only	79 (15.5)	1.35	1.10-1.66	0.91	0.85-0.98
Both criteria	81 (17.1)	1.47	1.20-1.81	0.89	0.83-0.96
Assisted vaginal delivery
Non-GDM	124 (6.4)
WHO 1999 criteria only	9 (6.8)	1.06	0.55-2.05	1.00	0.95-1.04
WHO 2013 criteria only	29 (5.6)	0.90	0.64-1.26	1.03	0.95-1.11
Both criteria	17 (3.6)	0.59	0.38-0.93	1.10	1.03-1.18
Emergency caesarean
Non-GDM	223 (11.5)
WHO 1999 criteria only	12 (9.1)	0.78	0.44-1.39	1.02	0.98-1.05
WHO 2013 criteria only	65 (12.6)	1.09	0.86-1.37	0.98	0.91-1.04
Both criteria	65 (13.6)	1.16	0.92-1.46	0.96	0.90-1.03
Preterm birth
Non-GDM	87 (4.5)
WHO 1999 criteria only	8 (6.1)	1.35	0.68-2.67	0.98	0.92-1.04
WHO 2013 criteria only	32 (6.2)	1.30	0.96-1.77	0.92	0.82-1.03
Both criteria	41 (8.6)	1.68	1.29-2.19	0.84	0.74-0.95
SGA
Non-GDM	160 (8.0)
WHO 1999 criteria only	6 (4.3)	0.54	0.24-1.20	1.03	1.00-1.07
WHO 2013 criteria only	28 (5.4)	0.71	0.50-1.00	1.08	1.01-1.15
Both criteria	34 (6.7)	0.86	0.63-1.18	1.04	0.97-1.11
Birth weight > 4000 g
Non-GDM	325 (16.2)
WHO 1999 criteria only	21 (15.0)	0.92	0.59-1.44	1.01	0.98-1.04
WHO 2013 criteria only	117 (22.3)	1.36	1.14-1.63	0.91	0.86-0.97
Both criteria	81 (15.9)	0.98	0.80-1.22	1.00	0.95-1.06
LGA
Non-GDM	203 (10.2)
WHO 1999 criteria only	17 (12.2)	1.22	0.75-1.98	0.99	0.95-1.03
WHO 2013 criteria only	84 (16.2)	1.50	1.23-1.83	0.88	0.81-0.95
Both criteria	84 (16.6)	1.54	1.26-1.87	0.87	0.81-0.94
Admission to NICU
Non-GDM	75 (3.8)
WHO 1999 criteria only	4 (2.9)	0.76	0.29-2.00	1.02	0.97-1.07
WHO 2013 criteria only	22 (4.3)	1.10	0.76-1.60	0.97	0.87-1.09
Both criteria	28 (5.5)	1.36	0.98-1.88	0.91	0.81-1.03
Shoulder dystocia
Non-GDM	26 (1.3)
WHO 1999 criteria only	6 (4.3)	2.95	1.41-6.19	0.87	0.73-1.03
WHO 2013 criteria only	7 (1.3)	1.03	0.53-1.99	0.99	0.83-1.19
Both criteria	18 (3.5)	2.06	1.43-2.96	0.74	0.58-0.94
5-min Apgar score < 7
Non-GDM	39 (2.0)
WHO 1999 criteria only	4 (2.9)	1.43	0.55-3.68	0.97	0.88-1.07
WHO 2013 criteria only	20 (3.9)	1.67	1.16-2.41	0.83	0.69-1.00
Both criteria	24 (4.7)	1.92	1.39-2.66	0.77	0.64-0.94

LR+: Positive likelihood ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; LR-: Negative likelihood ratio; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; BP: Blood pressure; SGA: Small-for-gestational-age; LGA: Large-for-gestational-age; WHO: World Health Organization; NICU: Neonatal intensive care unit.