New perspectives on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its related diseases

Table 2 List of animal studies on renin angiotensin system inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

Animal	Model	Study details	Main findings	Ref.
Lewis rats	Normotensive	Rats were assigned to drink water containing losartan or lisinopril at 10 mg/kg/d for 12 d	Lisinopril or losartan increased cardiac ACE2 mRNA, but the combination did not produce this effect	Ferrario et al[26]
SD rats	MI	Enalapril was given to rats after sham operation or LCA ligation	Enalapril prevented the decrease of ventricular ACE2 mRNA levels and activities post-MI	Ocaranza et al[27]
Lewis rats	MI	Losartan and olmesartan was administered for 28 d after coronary artery ligation	The level of ACE2 mRNA increased after treatment with losartan and olmesartan	Ishiyama et al[28]
C57BLKS/J mice	Normotensive	Mice were treated with telmisartan at 2 mg/kg/d for 2 wk	Telmisartan increased ACE2 expression in the tunica media of renal arterioles	Soler et al[29]
SD rats	MI	SD rats received ramipril at 1 mg/kg/d for 28 d after MI operation	Ramipril inhibited cardiac ACE but had no effect on cardiac ACE2 mRNA after MI	Burrell et al[30]
SD rats	MI	Ramipril (1 mg/kg/d) and valsartan (10 mg/kg/d) were given for 28 d after MI operation	Cardiac ACE2 expression was not augmented after either treatment alone or in combination	Burchill et al[31]

MI: Myocardial infarction; LCA: Left ventricular artery; SD rats: Sprague-Dawley rats; ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2.