Diabetes-related intestinal region-specific thickening of ganglionic basement membrane and regionally decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in myenteric ganglia

Figure 7 Fold change in the messenger ribonucleic acid levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 genes, measured by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the 2^ΔΔCt method. Data sets are presented as the fold change in gene expression normalized to the endogenous reference (RNA18S) and relative to the untreated controls. Data are expressed as means ± standard deviation. ^aP < 0.001 and ^bP < 0.0001.