Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Diabetes. Apr 15, 2021; 12(4): 383-406
Published online Apr 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.383
Published online Apr 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.383
Figure 2 Pathophysiology of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.
PARP: Polyadenosine-diphosphate-ribose polymerase; AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; AGE: Advanced glycation end products; RAGE: Receptors for AGE; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; LCSFA: Long chain saturated fatty acid.
- Citation: Rajbhandari J, Fernandez CJ, Agarwal M, Yeap BXY, Pappachan JM. Diabetic heart disease: A clinical update. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(4): 383-406
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v12/i4/383.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.383