Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2021; 12(3): 215-237
Published online Mar 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.215
Published online Mar 15, 2021. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.215
Figure 2 Pathways linking coronavirus disease 2019 to heart/brain injury.
Pathway C: Hypoxia pathway. Pathway D: Cytokine storm. Pathway E: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathway. ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; IL: Interleukin; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor.
- Citation: Viswanathan V, Puvvula A, Jamthikar AD, Saba L, Johri AM, Kotsis V, Khanna NN, Dhanjil SK, Majhail M, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Kitas GD, Sharma AM, Kolluri R, Naidu S, Suri JS. Bidirectional link between diabetes mellitus and coronavirus disease 2019 leading to cardiovascular disease: A narrative review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12(3): 215-237
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v12/i3/215.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i3.215