Causal effect of education on type 2 diabetes: A network Mendelian randomization study

Table 3 Causal association between genetically determined education and metabolic risk factors

Trait	Method	nSNP	Beta	SE	P value	Heterogeneity P	MR Egger intercept P
Discovery (education-metabolic risk factors)
CHD	MR Egger	71	0.145	0.417	0.729	0.123	0.263
	Weighted median	71	-0.238	0.107	0.026
	Inverse variance weighted	71	-0.318	0.079	0.000	0.117
TG	MR Egger	57	-0.183	0.263	0.489	0.112	0.937
	Weighted median	57	-0.192	0.057	0.001
	Inverse variance weighted	57	-0.204	0.043	0.000	0.130
LDL	MR Egger	57	-0.274	0.275	0.324	0.316	0.415
	Weighted median	57	0.007	0.063	0.909
	Inverse variance weighted	57	-0.051	0.045	0.261	0.326
TC	MR Egger	57	-0.087	0.277	0.755	0.197	0.838
	Weighted median	57	-0.018	0.064	0.775
	Inverse variance weighted	57	-0.031	0.045	0.500	0.223
BMI	MR Egger	59	0.013	0.353	0.970	0.000	0.415
	Weighted median	59	-0.209	0.048	0.000
	Inverse variance weighted	59	-0.272	0.058	0.000	0.000
WC	MR Egger	59	-0.002	0.404	0.996	0.000	0.429
	Weighted median	59	-0.269	0.056	0.000
	Inverse variance weighted	59	-0.319	0.066	0.000	0.000
WHR	MR Egger	58	-0.743	0.461	0.113	0.028	0.346
	Weighted median	58	-0.298	0.097	0.002
	Inverse variance weighted	58	-0.311	0.076	0.000	0.027
Fasting insulin	MR Egger	58	-0.269	0.215	0.215	0.010	0.312
	Weighted median	58	-0.039	0.048	0.419
	Inverse variance weighted	58	-0.053	0.035	0.129	0.014
Fasting glucose	MR Egger	58	-0.185	0.172	0.287	0.167	0.398
	Weighted median	58	-0.044	0.039	0.257
	Inverse variance weighted	58	-0.041	0.028	0.152	0.172
HbA1c	MR Egger	58	0.004077	0.1779	0.9818	0.5674	0.889
	Weighted median	58	-0.009323	0.04094	0.8199
	Inverse variance weighted	58	-0.02056	0.02908	0.4796	0.6038
Replication (education-metabolic risk factors)
CHD	MR Egger	20	-0.985	0.772	0.218	0.196	0.537
	Weighted median	20	-0.474	0.209	0.024
	Inverse variance weighted	20	-0.511	0.164	0.002	0.222
TG	MR Egger	13	0.099	1.076	0.928	0.000	0.702
	Weighted median	13	-0.161	0.134	0.229
	Inverse variance weighted	13	-0.319	0.163	0.051	0.000
BMI	MR Egger	14	0.830	0.582	0.179	0.079	0.071
	Weighted median	14	-0.381	0.106	0.000
	Inverse variance weighted	14	-0.308	0.095	0.001	0.018
WC	MR Egger	14	0.669	0.637	0.314	0.179	0.169
	Weighted median	14	-0.246	0.113	0.030
	Inverse variance weighted	14	-0.252	0.096	0.009	0.118
WHR	MR Egger	15	0.235	1.375	0.867	0.010	0.661
	Weighted median	15	-0.511	0.222	0.021
	Inverse variance weighted	15	-0.375	0.213	0.079	0.014

BMI: Body mass index; CHD: Coronary heart disease; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; MR: Mendelian randomization; nSNP: Number of Single-nucleotide polymorphisms; TC: Total cholesterol; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; TG: Triglycerides; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio.