Role of ferroptosis in the process of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction

Figure 2 Ferroptosis inhibitor attenuates the ferroptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by high glucose and interleukin-1β. A: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with NG, high glucose (30 mmol/L) and interleukin-1β (10 ng/mL), the ferroptosis inhibitor, Deferoxamine (100 μmol/L) or Ferrostatin-1 (10 μmol/L), the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1s (2 μmol/L), and the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (Z-VAD, 5 μmol/L). After treatment for 48 h, cell viability was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8; B: HUVECs were treated with NG, high glucose (30 mmol/L) and interleukin-1β (10 ng/mL), Deferoxamine (100 μmol/L), and ferrostatin-1 (10 μmol/L), after treatment for 48 h, representative phase-contrast microscopy images of HUVECs were obtained. Scale bar: 100 μm; C: The protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4, FTH1, and cyclooxygenase-2 were determined using Western blot assays. β-actin was used for normalization; and D: The generation of reactive oxygen species was determined by the BODIPY™ 581/591 C11. ^aP < 0.05 vs the control group. ^bP < 0.01 vs the control group.