Thioredoxin interacting protein, a key molecular switch between oxidative stress and sterile inflammation in cellular response

Figure 1 A diagram showing sterile inflammation and microbial inflammation. Inflammation results from activation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Examples of PAMPs include microorganisms, its byproducts or subcellular components. Examples of DAMPs include glucose, saturated fatty acids, uric acid, or amyloid beta plaques. DAMP: Damage-associated molecular pattern; PAMP: Pathogen-associated molecular pattern; AD: Alzheimer’s disease.